| GSAT 11 – GSAT series of Geosynchronous Satellites, developed by Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) with an objective of making India self-reliant in broadcasting services (primarily Telecommunication and Television Sector) and weather forecasting (including disaster warning).
History of GSAT 11Table of Contents The GSAT-1 was launched on 18 April 2001. Since then 20 GSAT satellites have been launched, of which 14 are in service. Presently there are 10 GSAT satellites with a total of 168 transponders are available commercially. 95 transponders are leased to broadcasters alone. The GSAT series of satellites basically use ‘C’, extended ‘C’ and ‘Ku’ bands for uplink and downlink. ISRO has gone about its satellite program in a very systematic way. It has planned its course of gradual improvement in the provision of better services and facilities in a timed and phased manner. Accordingly, Department of Space (DoS) gave its nod to ISRO for the launch of GSAT 11, way back in 2012. GSAT-11 is an Indian geostationary communications satellite. The original plan was to launch the GSAT 11 in May 2018. However, due to lost communication with GSAT-6A post its successful launch in March 2018 and some glitches detected in the electrical circuit, GSAT 11 was recalled for a thorough recheck. The fresh date of launch was set as 04 December 2018. GSAT 11 was launched successfully from the European Space Agency space station in French Guiana at 0207 hours IST on 05 December 2018. The launch rocket was Ariane VA 246 and after a flawless flight of 29 minutes and 07 seconds, the satellite module separated from it. GSAT 11 is an advanced communication satellite with multi-spot beam antenna coverage over Indian mainland as well as Islands. It brings an advantage to the user community, compared to the existing INSAT/GSAT satellite systems. With this new system architecture and the advanced technology elements employed for realization will generate a capacity of 16 GBPS for users from a single platform. GSAT 11 is India’s most capable and top-of-the-line satellite in orbit (and ISRO’s portfolio) as on date. GSAT 11 will carry a next-generation I-6K bus (communication satellite hub) to provide services in two widely-used wavelengths for telecommunications: the Ku- and Ka-bands. GSAT 11 has 32 Ku-band transponders and 8 Ka-band hubs on board, making GSAT 11 three to six times more powerful than any of ISRO’s (and India’s) satellite roster today. Salient Features of GSAT 11Lift of Mass 5854 kilograms. Orbital Location 74 deg East Spacecraft Power 13.6 kW. Power Source Two solar arrays and four antenna reflectors Solar panels 4 m long. Payload 32 beams in Ka Band & beams in Ku band. Data Rate 16 Gigabits per second (GBPS). Satellite bus I-6K. Mission Life 15 years. Control Centre ISRO Master Station, Hassan. Coverage 16 Ku band beams covering Indian mainland & Island. Cost 1174 Cr. Four terrestrial gateways or ‘Hubs” located in Delhi, Ahmedabad, Bengaluru and Ranchi. All Hubs are inter-connected to each other via Optical Fibre Network to ensure seamless connectivity. Highlights of GSAT 11Multi-beam coverage of the entire country. Star network-based gateway connectivity. ACM as fade mitigation techniques. Modern on-board power management techniques. Ground system technology with user terminals employing adaptive coded modulation. Site diversity for Ka-band hub stations. Adaptive Coding Modulation as a fade mitigation technique. Upgraded ISRO Satellite ProfilePresently of the 1.3 Billion Indian population, only 350 Million were covered by the footprint of various GSAT satellites. 90% of these are able to use only 2G. Which such poor connectivity, the dream of Digital India and Smart Cities would seem implausible. ISRO planned a series of GSAT satellites to cover entire India with overlaps for high-speed connectivity. These included GSAT-19 (launched on 05 June 2017), GSAT-29 (launched on 14 November 2018), GSAT-11 and GSAT-20 (replacement of GSAT-6A and planned for launch in early 2019). Besides two more satellites will be in a support role; GSAT-17 (launched on 28 June 2017) and GSAT-9 (launched on 05 May 2017, also provide data to ASEAN countries). In effect, by mid-2019, these six satellites will cover the entire nation and 750 million people. In all 110 Transponders will be in service and will support high data applications for enterprises and consumers. This boost in broadband services will result in improvement in ‘Reach, Speed, and Capacity’. The frequency reuse scheme of the system – will provide more than 200 # 36 MHz equivalent transponders. Game ChangerIt along with other system satellites will aid Bharat Net Project aim i.e., to boost access to voice and video streaming in most of rural India. It will Bridge the communication gap between urban and rural populace. It will boost connectivity to inaccessible Gram Panchayats. Overall it will enhance public welfare schemes like E-banking, E-health, and E-governance among others. Under Digital India Program it will enable implementation of ‘Smart Villages and Cities’. Important Development for Indian ArmyThe Indian Army is woefully short of bandwidth and is in dire need of high-speed data connectivity, especially along the International Border (IB), Line of Control (LC) and Line of Actual Control (LAC). The border posts are in urgent need for data connectivity. High-quality real-time data on enemy activity from drones and remote sensing satellites is available at data centres; the same needs to be transferred to field formations and units. Besides, the sensor to shooter connectivity and Air Defence Control & Reporting Network too requires high-speed data transfer. The Bharat Net Project can make it all possible. The Indian Army should project its bandwidth requirement to ISRO / DoS for same. For Satellite communication, Army may go in for Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT). The same is being manufactured by Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL). Post the acquisition of VSAT (down to Battalion and Company Headquarters), the satellite communication should become the primary mode and Optical Fibre backed communication be the secondary mode. Both together will provide seamless connectivity to each and every post; including those located in remotest areas. ConclusionThe ISRO satellite program is on track. As we await the launch of GSAT-20, the replacement satellite for GSAT-6A, people of India will start receiving data at a speed which we now only dream of. India will come one step closer to establishing the dream of having ‘Smart Cities and Villages’.
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